07-09-2008, 11:34 PM | #21 |
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07-10-2008, 12:29 AM | #22 | |
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In the western world, since the industrial revolution, and the rise of a leisured middle class, the emphasis on marriage has shifted away from its original socio-economic roots. As a society we generally now consider romantic interest and emotion to be one of, if not the most important factor in choosing a mate. While people have always fallen in love, it often wasn’t the basis for marriage. Division of labor, the procreation of legitimate children, and the assurance of legal inheritors were usually foremost on people’s minds. Additionally, marriages often cemented political and social relationships among upper class citizens (or those who wished to climb the ladder). We have a very difficult time separating sex and sexuality from marriage, when historically they are quite disparate, although overlapping conceptions. With this mindset, the ancient Greeks had no problem engaging in homoerotic relationships while also pursuing women. Women provided legitimate children – perhaps the most valuable commodity a person could ever hope to possess (tangentially: this is why Medea’s crime against Jason in Euripides’ Medea is so heinous. She kills their two sons, effectively robbing him of his heirs. ) Women (at Athens, at least) were kept sequestered, ostensibly to protect their virtue but really to ensure that there was no doubt about the children’s patrimony (Maury Povich’s DNA tests were not yet around). Girls married young (in their teenage years) while men were usually in their thirties. Sex with other men, on the other hand, provided companionship, mutual support, and social networking that played an important role as an adolescent became a man. These pederastic relationships (usually engaged in by a man in his 20s with a boy in his teens) probably sprang from neolithic initiation rituals and served an important social purpose for the Greeks. Once a man reached marriageable age (30s), it was expected that the sexual part of this relationship would end. In fact, Athenians regularly mocked men who continued to have sex with men after they were too old for social conventions. Closer in age and with much more in common, it is no wonder that men often maintained close ties with their “boyfriends,” even after the sexual component of their relationship had ended. Indeed, in Plato’s Symposium, a famous Athenian general named Alcibiades reveals how the wise, older Socrates had pursued him, but that the philosopher’s wisdom and quest for virtue had eventually won Alcibiades’ respect and affection, despite Socrates’ notorious ugliness. Finally, sexuality in ancient Greece can’t really be described very well with modern words like “heterosexual,” “homosexual,” or “bisexual.” Sexual relations were generally not typified by gender or sex, but by relationships of power and status. Men were more powerful, had higher social standing than women, and the relationship was geared to satisfy his pleasure. Similarly, the older male in the pederastic relationship enjoyed a superior position of prestige and status, and was supposed to derive sexual pleasure from the union. The younger male was supposed to feel affection, loyalty, and respect for his “mentor,” but derive no sexual pleasure from the relationship. (Incidentally, there were all sorts of social taboos about sexual acts that were and were not permissible between a man and teenage boy, but there’s no way to ever know how closely these were followed in the privacy of an intimate encounter.) Obviously, people had preferences. Some men clearly preferred women and never pursued the boys. Some men never expressed interest in women. Sexuality is complicated enough in our own day, without the difficulties of peering into the distant past with less-than-stellar sources. I would suggest that homosexual (as we understand the term) relationships were generally sanctioned by ancient Greek society, but within rigorous social norms and boundaries. In addition to these social conventions, personal preference did play a role, making it seem that sexuality stems from both cultural norms and personal preferences. Finally, homosexuality was frowned upon at Rome pretty much throughout their long history, although there are some pretty famous examples of prominent Romans who displayed flamboyant sexual appetites for both males and females. (Sulla, Nero; The Emperor Elagabalus supposedly married another man.) I don't think there is an argument to be made that "openness and freedom of thought" yielded pederasty, which led to an overall corrosive effect on society's morals. In both marriage and these pederastic relationships, there was much more going on than just sexual gratification of the dominant male.
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07-10-2008, 12:35 AM | #23 |
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Fascinating distillation of a difficult subject matter.
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07-10-2008, 01:03 AM | #24 | |
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07-10-2008, 03:20 AM | #25 |
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In other words, you cherry pick the areas where you want government intrusion. Those with which you agree.
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07-10-2008, 03:23 AM | #26 | |
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Tex was probably happy that Gov. Boggs intervened in Missouri to set/guide/establish societal standards.
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07-10-2008, 03:44 AM | #27 |
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Welcome to a democracy, SoCal. Glad to have you along.
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07-10-2008, 02:34 PM | #28 |
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welcome to the complicated and often contradictory world of modern "conservatism." A Libertarian would argue the only difference between a democrat and a republican is where they want the government to interfere.
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07-10-2008, 03:15 PM | #29 |
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And most people would argue the only difference between a Libertarian and an Anarchist is where they want the government to interfere.
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07-10-2008, 03:27 PM | #30 |
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Well, that plus the republicans hate gay people.
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Get your stinking paws off me, you damned, dirty Yewt! "Now perhaps as I spanked myself screaming out "Kozlowski, say it like you mean it bitch!" might have been out of line, but such was the mood." - Goatnapper "If you want to fatten a pig up to make the pig MORE delicious, you can feed it almost anything. Seriously. The pig is like the car on Back to the Future. You put in garbage, and out comes something magical!" - Cali Coug |
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